PROCESSING, DIELECTRIC, IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY OF ELECTRONIC MATERIAL: (Pb0.92Ga0.08)(Zr0.48Ti0.52)0.98O3

Purpose of Study: The present work shows studies of some physical properties of a gallium (Ga) modified lead zirconate titanate (PbZrTi)O3 with molar ratio Zr/Ti::48/52 (i.e., near morphotropic phase boundary (MPB)) having (Pb0.92Ga0.08)(Zr0.48Ti0.52)0.98O3 (PGaZT-8) as a chemical composition. Methodology: The material was fabricated employing high-temperature mixed oxide route. Main Finding: X-ray diffraction spectra suggest a distorted perovskite structure having two phases (tetragonal and monoclinic phases) with the substitution of small amount (2 and 4 wt %) of Ga in Pb(ZrTi)O3 (PZT). However, with higher concentration of Ga (6 and 8 wt %) in PZT, the multiphase perovskite structure is converted into an orthorhombic system with few impurity phase of Ti3O5. Analysis of field emission scanning electron micrograph (FESEM) of 8 wt% Ga modified PZT (PGaZT-8) shows the uniform distribution but different dimension and shape of grains depicting high-density ceramic sample. In the dielectric studies no dielectric anomaly exists in the experimental temperature range (25-500oC) in PGaZT-8, which determines the substitution of 8 wt% Ga in PZT (in MPB region) is found responsible for the suppression or shift (towards higher temperature) of known ferroelectric phase transition of PZT. There is an enhancement of permittivity, loss factor and conductivity as Pb site of PZT is doped with Ga. Applications of study: This study is useful for the determination of the characteristics of the prepared material as a base for device fabrication. Novelty of the Study: It is a systematic study of correlation of structural properties with the physical properties. It helps to understand the relaxation and conduction mechanism of PGaZT-8 using impedance and modulus spectroscopy

Residential Demand Side Management model, optimization and future perspective: A review

The residential load sector plays a vital role in terms of its impact on overall power balance, stability, and efficient power management. However, the load dynamics of the energy demand of residential users are always nonlinear, uncontrollable, and inelastic concerning power grid regulation and management. The integration of distributed generations (DGs) and advancement of information and communication technology (ICT) even though handles the related issues and challenges up to some extent, till the flexibility, energy management and scheduling with better planning are necessary for the residential sector to achieve better grid stability and efficiency. To address these issues, it is indispensable to analyze the demand-side management (DSM) for the complex residential sector considering various operational constraints, objectives, identifying various factors that affect better planning, scheduling, and management, to project the key features of various approaches and possible future research directions. This review has been done based on the related literature to focus on modeling, optimization methods, major objectives, system operation constraints, dominating factors impacting overall system operation, and possible solutions enhancing residential DSM operation. Gaps in future research and possible prospects have been discussed briefly to give a proper insight into the current implementation of DSM. This extensive review of residential DSM will help all the researchers in this area to innovate better energy management strategies and reduce the effect of system uncertainties, variations, and constraints

Demand Side Management of Electric Vehicles in Smart Grids: A survey on strategies, challenges, modeling, and optimization

The shift of transportation technology from internal combustion engine (ICE) based vehicles to electricvehicles (EVs) in recent times due to their lower emissions, fuel costs, and greater efficiency hasbrought EV technology to the forefront of the electric power distribution systems due to theirability to interact with the grid through vehicle-to-grid (V2G) infrastructure. The greater adoptionof EVs presents an ideal use-case scenario of EVs acting as power dispatch, storage, and ancillaryservice-providing units. This EV aspect can be utilized more in the current smart grid (SG) scenarioby incorporating demand-side management (DSM) through EV integration. The integration of EVswith DSM techniques is hurdled with various issues and challenges addressed throughout thisliterature review. The various research conducted on EV-DSM programs has been surveyed. This reviewarticle focuses on the issues, solutions, and challenges, with suggestions on modeling the charginginfrastructure to suit DSM applications, and optimization aspects of EV-DSM are addressed separatelyto enhance the EV-DSM operation. Gaps in current research and possible research directions have beendiscussed extensively to present a comprehensive insight into the current status of DSM programsemployed with EV integration. This extensive review of EV-DSM will facilitate all the researchersto initiate research for superior and efficient energy management and EV scheduling strategies andmitigate the issues faced by system uncertainty modeling, variations, and constraints

An insight into the integration of distributed energy resources and energy storage systems with smart distribution networks using demand-side management

Demand-side management (DSM) is a significant component of the smart grid. DSM without sufficient generation capabilities cannot be realized; taking that concern into account, the integration of distributed energy resources (solar, wind, waste-to-energy, EV, or storage systems) has brought effective transformation and challenges to the smart grid. In this review article, it is noted that to overcome these issues, it is crucial to analyze demand-side management from the generation point of view in considering various operational constraints and objectives and identifying multiple factors that affect better planning, scheduling, and management. In this paper, gaps in the research and possible prospects are discussed briefly to provide a proper insight into the current implementation of DSM using distributed energy resources and storage. With the expectation of an increase in the adoption of various types of distributed generation, it is estimated that DSM operations can offer a valuable opportunity for customers and utility aggregators to become active participants in the scheduling, dispatch, and market-oriented trading of energy. This review of DSM will help develop better energy management strategies and reduce system uncertainties, variations, and constraints

Multi-objective clustering: a kernel based approach using Differential Evolution

A multi-objective algorithm is always favoured over a single objective algorithm as it considers different aspects of a dataset in the form of various objectives. In this article, a multi-objective clustering algorithm has been proposed based on Differential Evolution. Here, three objectives have been considered to handle different complex datasets. In addition to this, a kernel function is hybridised with the objectives to evaluate the data on a hyperspace for reducing the impact of nonlinearity on cluster formation. Moreover, to get the best compromised solution from the Pareto front an effective fuzzy concept has been followed. Five metaheuristic approaches have been taken into consideration for performance comparison. These methodologies have been applied to twelve datasets and the result reveals the efficacy of the proposed model in data clustering